[Feat] Use Ubuntu 24.04 runners in CI

[echoix]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
For 8.5.0, we should prepare to use the Ubuntu 24.04 runners in CI. A little less software is installed by default, they reduced the default enabled repositories, so we would need to make sure the list of software to install is up to date. Maybe we would have some issues with some extra software not available as is, so maybe we would need to check if the ubuntugis ppa fits our needs (and we could see if the builds work with newest and latest of dependencies).